Keyword-Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino ATmega328 Microcontroller, Mobility aid, Visually Impaired Person, Alarm system I. Our device can detect obstacles within the distance of about 2m from the user. The system was designed, programmed using C language and tested for accuracy and checked by the visually impaired person. The system consists of obstacle and moisture detection sensors for receiving, processing and sending signals to the alarm system which finally alerts the user for prompt action. We proposed low cost and light weight system designed with microcontroller that processes signal and alerts the visually impaired person over any obstacle, water or dark areas through beeping sounds. We accomplished this goal by adding ultrasonic sensors at specific positions to the cane that provided information about the environment to the user by activating the buzzer sound. Thus, we were motivated to develop a smart white cane to overcome these limitations. People with visual disabilities are often dependent on external assistance which can be provided by humans, trained dogs, or special electronic devices as support systems for decision making. There are approximately 37 million people across the globe who are blind according to the World Health Organization. This paper presents the smart walking stick based on ultrasonic sensors and Arduino for visually impaired people. Sighted blindfolded participants successfully demonstrated the device for nine primary everyday navigation and guidance tasks including indoor and outdoor navigation and avoiding collisions with other pedestrians. It does not require complex calibrations and training, consists of the small number of available and inexpensive components, and can be used as an independent addition to traditional tools. It conveys point-distance information by utilizing the natural active sensing approach and modulates measurements into haptic feedback with various vibration patterns within the four-meter range. The system can be largely made with digitally distributed manufacturing using low-cost 3-D printing/milling. To help alleviate these challenges this study reports on the development of a low-cost, open-source ultrasound-based navigational support system in the form of a wearable bracelet to allow people with the lost vision to navigate, orient themselves in their surroundings and avoid obstacles when moving. The quality of life for visually impaired people is hampered by the resultant lack of independence. Globally, there are 36 million blind people, but less than half use white canes or more costly commercial sensory substitutions. Over 70% of these are not employed full-time, and more than a quarter live below the poverty line. Nineteen million Americans have significant vision loss.
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